CChhaapptteerr 55 TThhee SSuubbddiivviissiioonn aanndd LLaanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt OOrrddiinnaannccee CChhaapptteerr 55:: TThhee SSuubbddiivviissiioonn aanndd LLaanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt OOrrddiinnaannccee Trail & Path Planning: A Guide for Municipalities W Whheerree ttoo AAddddrreessss TTrraaiillss && PPaatthhss iinn tthhee M Muunniicciippaall SSuubbddiivviissiioonn OOrrddiinnaannccee SSection 503(3) of PAAct 247, the Municipalities Planning Code (MPC) authorizes municipalities to adopt a subdivision ordinance that may include provisions governing the standards by which "walkways" and "other improvements shall be installed as a condition precedent to final approval of plat." Ideally trails & paths should be addressed in one section of a subdivision ordinance, but often this approach is impractical without conducting a major reorganization of the entire document. That being the case, trail & path con- struction standards can still be discussed by amending sections of a subdivision ordinance that deal with streets and roads. Issues relating to liability, ownership and maintenance can be included with sections dealing with homeowner associa- tion open space. Issues dealing with developers providing a fee-in-lieu of trails can be included with sections dealing with recreational parks. The following sections are usually where trail & path planning are addressed in a subdivision ordinance: AAddddrreessssiinngg TTrraaiillss aass aa NNeettwwoorrkk//SSyysstteem m iinn tthhee PPrreeaam mbbllee oorr G Geenneerraall PPrroovviissiioonnss- - Under the subsection entitled "purposes," include a statement indicating that the subdivision ordinance has been adopted to coordinate and provide a system or net- work of pedestrian and bicycling trails & paths throughout the municipality, as pre- sented in the mapping and trail functional classification adopted in the compre- hensive plan, or on the official map, if applicable. Make it clear that it is not simply trails that are needed, but a system. Adding the words "pedestrian and bicycling" will clarify why these trails are being built. Some communities with state parks or large public preserves may wish to add "hiking and horseback riding." Municipalities that already have a section under "general provisions" dealing with a system of open spaces can amend it to include a trail system or network. It is important to mention how the sub- division ordinance trail provisions will implement the policies established in the comprehensive plan, official map, community pedestrian and bicycle master plan or whatever kind of text or mapping is being used to document trails & paths proposed for the future. In general, it is better for a subdivision ordinance to refer to an adopted map or plan rather than one that is just approved or "accepted." Provisions that refer to adopted plan documents are more likely to withstand a legal challenge. Trails & paths should be addressed in the subdivision ordinance. 7755 CChhaapptteerr 55:: TThhee SSuubbddiivviissiioonn aanndd LLaanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt OOrrddiinnaannccee Trail & Path Planning: A Guide for Municipalities The preamble of the subdivision ordinance may also include definitions for terms used in trail planning, but it is usually more efficient to list all definitions only once in the designated "definitions" article. These trail related terms may include: * Trail * Internal Path * Path * Trail Network/System * Primary Trail * Bicycle Route Trail planners should be careful when defining "open space." In common lan- guage, open space means any undeveloped land and can include parks and trails. In the context of municipal ordinances, open space usually refers to "common open space," also known as homeowners association (HOA) open space. AAddddrreessssiinngg TTrraaiill CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn iinn tthhee DDeessiiggnn SSttaannddaarrddss AArrttiiccllee- -Trails & paths can be addressed under their own subsection, or the subsection dealing with side- walks can be expanded and entitled "Sidewalks and Trails" or "Pedestrian Facilities." More urbanized municipalities, with a grid of sidewalks that will be linked to trails, can discuss both sidewalks and trails in one section. Communities with few sidewalks, or those with a major hiking trail or equestrian paths, may want to discuss trails in its own section. Text should be included to explain where trails & paths should be provided, including preferred destinations such as schools, parks and downtown areas. This text can note that trails & paths should be provided within common open space in order to provide access to and across it. Language can also be added requiring that land proposed for development provide trails & paths in accordance with the com- prehensive plan, official map, or some other municipal mapping. This article should provide design standards, which are construction guidelines dealing with features such as the width of the tread and the type of paving used. These standards can be presented in text form, but it is prudent to include typi- cal sections, which are schematic drawings of a trail & path cross-section sample. Ideally, these standards should be compiled and first published in the municipali- ty's community pedestrian and bicycle master plan. In Chester County, it is com- mon for drawings relating to streets and sidewalks to be included in municipal subdivision ordinances. These drawings, along with trails drawings, can be grouped together in the subdivision ordinance appendix. Trail planners should also consider including a chart that provides the design stan- dards for each of the trail & path functional classi- fications included in the comprehensive plan. Such a chart might have the general format of the chart presented in Figure 5.1. Addressing trail & path construction in the design standards article can provide uniform guidelines for all trails & paths in the municipality. 7766 CChhaapptteerr 55:: TThhee SSuubbddiivviissiioonn aanndd LLaanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt OOrrddiinnaannccee Trail & Path Planning: A Guide for Municipalities FFiigguurree 55..11:: G Geenneerraalliizzeedd DDeessiiggnn SSttaannddaarrddss ffoorr EElleem meennttss ooff aa TTrraaiill && PPaatthh NNeettwwoorrkk CCllaassssiiffiiccaattiioonn TTyyppiiccaall TTrreeaadd TTyyppiiccaall TTyyppiiccaall ((UUsseerrss)) W Wiiddtthhss aa.. RRiigghhtt--ooff--W Waayy ((RROOWW)) SSuurrffaaccee BBiiccyyccllee RRoouuttee:: Commonly 5 ft., Bicycle routes are always within the road ROW. CCPC Macadam RRooaadd SShhoouullddeerr ranging from 4 ft.bb.. recommends ROW for roads with one lane in each (Bicyclists) to 14 ft.cc.. direction be 25 feet to either side of centerline. BBiiccyyccllee RRoouuttee:: These roads typically Bicycle routes are always within the road ROW. Macadam LLooww VVoolluum mee have 24 ft. of travel CCPC recommends ROW for roads with one lane RRooaaddwwaayy lanes. Bikes typically in each direction be 25 feet to either side of (Bicyclists) use 5 ft., on the centerline. right. TTrraaiill:: M Muullttii--UUssee Commonly 10 ft., Enough to accommodate the typical 30 ft.dd.. trail Macadam (Walkers, hikers, ranging from 8 ft.bb.. easement (tread along with adjacent drainage bicyclists, & to 12 ft.bb.. or more. ditch and landscape buffer), ranging from 24 ft.ee.. in-line skaters) to 75 ft.ee.. PPaatthh:: PPeeddeessttrriiaann Commonly 5 ft., Varies. Usually a "shy zone" extending 2 feet to Macadam pre- (Walkers & ranging from 4 ft.ee.. either side of the tread must be grubbed, cleared ferred. Gravel hikers) to 6 ft.ee.. or mowed, and this should be included in the ROW. acceptable. PPaatthh:: BBiiccyyccllee Commonly 5 ft., Varies. Usually a "shy zone" extending 2 feet to Macadam (Bicyclists) ranging from 4 ft.bb.. either side of the tread must be grubbed, cleared to 8 ft.ff.. or mowed, and this should be included in the ROW. PPaatthh:: EEqquueessttrriiaann Commonly 10 ft., Varies. Usually a "shy zone" extending 2 feet to Natural ground (Horses/double ranging from 9 ft.ff.. either side of the tread must be grubbed, cleared track, walkers, to 14 ft.gg.. or mowed, and this should be included in the ROW. & hikers) PPaatthh:: IInntteerrnnaall Commonly 6 ft., Varies. Usually a "shy zone" extending 2 feet to Macadam pre- (Walkers & ranging from 4 ft.ee.. either side of the tread must be grubbed, cleared ferred. Gravel bicyclists within to 6 ft.ee.. or mowed, and this should be included in the ROW. acceptable. a development) SSiiddeewwaallkkss Commonly 4 ft., Sidewalks are typically within the road ROW. CCPC Concrete (Walkers) ranging from 4 ft.hh.. recommends ROW for roads with one lane in each to 6 ft.ii.. or more. direction be 25 feet to either side of centerline. Source: CCPC 2006 Notes: aa.. Tread is the actual surface portion of a trail upon which users travel excluding the shoulder. In general, the maximum tread width is used in heavy-use or urban settings, while the minimum is used in low-use or rural settings, except for "Bicycle Route: Road Shoulder," which is the opposite. bb.. Pennsylvania Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety and Accommodation. 1999. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation and Walkable Communities, Inc. cc.. Allegheny County Parks Comprehensive Master Plan. 2001. Allegheny Co. Pennsylvania Parks Department. dd.. CCPRD preferred trail easement is 30 ft. and their preferred trail ROW is 60 ft. ee.. Guidelines for Trail Development within Montgomery County PA. Undated (Circa 2005), Montgomery County Commissioners (Montgomery County, Pennsylvania). ff.. San Miguel County Trail Design Standards. 1992. Telluride Regional Pathways Initiative/San Miguel County, Colorado Planning Department. gg.. Community Trails Handbook. 1997. The Brandywine Conservancy. hh.. Time Saver Standards for Landscape Architecture, 2nd Ed. 1998. Harris & Dines, McGraw-Hill ii.. Oregon 1995 Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan. 1995. Oregon Department of Transportation. 7777 CChhaapptteerr 55:: TThhee SSuubbddiivviissiioonn aanndd LLaanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt OOrrddiinnaannccee Trail & Path Planning: A Guide for Municipalities Appendix B includes trail design standards used in three different counties in the United States. These are construction standards for county facilities and not text from a municipal subdivision ordinance. Each of these charts lists features using a maximum and a minimum value, and in some case a preferred value is noted. This approach is needed because trails are often retrofitted into already built communities, where ample right-of-way may not be available at all locations along the corridor. For similar reasons, municipalities may also need to include a range of acceptable and preferred values in dealing with trails & paths. Trail planners should anticipate adding options for trail designs to their subdivision ordinance, since trail engineering and construction is a constantly evolving field. Having multiple trail & path design options also gives developers more flexibility when including trails & paths as part of new con- struction or redevelopment. AAddddrreessssiinngg TTrraaiillss iinn tthhee CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn,, IInnssppeeccttiioonnss,, aanndd AAcccceeppttaannccee ooff PPuubblliicc IIm mpprroovveem meennttss AArrttiiccllee- - Most municipalities use this article to clarify who is responsible for the ownership, liability and manage- ment of common open space after a development is built. This subsection can also be used to address ownership, liability and management roles for trails. It is best for this subsection to include the words "trail" or "path" rather than to use the word "public facilities" as a catch-all term that includes trails & paths. This specific language is needed because trails & paths are often built on common open spaces that may not be publicly owned. Ownership and liability should be addressed in the subdivision ordinance. Most municipalities use this subsection to require that streets and sidewalks be built before or concurrent with the houses they serve. This kind of regulation often requires that half the sidewalks be built before one third of the units are constructed, or some variation on this basic concept. Municipalities can expand this discussion to include trails & paths. Discussing the phased construction of a trail & path network can help avoid a situation where there is miscommunication between the developer and the homebuyer, and the homebuyer is not aware that a trail will be built in their community. This unfortunate situation has occurred at a number of locations in Chester County, pitting neighbor against neighbor, and involving local officials in an unpleasant controver- sy that can be easily avoided by amending just one paragraph in the subdivision ordinance. AAddddrreessssiinngg TTrraaiill FFeeee--iinn--LLiieeuu iinn tthhee DDeessiiggnn SSttaannddaarrddss AArrttiiccllee- -Many municipalities include a fee-in-lieu provision in their subdivision and land development ordinance which permits developers to pay a fee instead of constructing parks or recreation facilities that are needed to serve the population that move into the houses they build. Section 503 (11) of the MPC permits fee-in-lieu Developers can build trails & paths much like they build playgrounds. provisions. Municipalities use a variety of tech- niques to determine the appropriate amount of 7788 CChhaapptteerr 55:: TThhee SSuubbddiivviissiioonn aanndd LLaanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt OOrrddiinnaannccee Trail & Path Planning: A Guide for Municipalities fee that must be paid. Usually this fee is deposited in a fund that is used specifi- cally to acquire municipal parkland. Trail planners that wish to fund municipal trails & paths should make sure that their fee-in-lieu provision clearly states that trails & paths can be funded just like parks. That way a developer may pay a fee instead of building trails, and that fee can be used to build trails in a more needed location. Fee-in-lieu is not an impact fee. An impact fee is a fee that is paid by a developer based on the antici- pated impact of a development. The MPC places strict limitations on how impact fees may be imposed. In general, impact fees are not used for trail projects. Trail planners should not assume that their existing park-oriented fee-in-lieu provisions can be applied to trail & path. Many fee-in-lieu provisions make cer- tain assumptions about what acreage of parkland is needed to accommodate a given household. With trail & path projects, such acreage-based standards are impractical. For example, a half-mile trail with a 25-foot right of way would cover twice as much land as one with a 50-foot right of way, but both could meet the same user need. For this reason, it is valuable to have an official map (preferably) or detailed comprehensive plan trails map. These maps will let developers know if their project is crossed by a trail corridor, and if so they will build it. Or if they do not build it, they will pay a fee. The municipal solicitor should review the provision that sets forth how the fee is calculated. In order for a fee-in-lie provision to be valid, the justification for it must be presented in the open space or recreation section of comprehensive plan. Many municipalities in Chester County have successfully implemented fee-in-lieu provisions using this approach. The most direct way to amend a subdivision ordinance fee-in-lieu subsection is to simply add the term "trails" to the list of fundable projects. If an existing fee-in-lieu text already refers to "recreation facilities," trail planners can add "trails" to their definition of recreation facili- ties. Either way, the subdivision ordinance states that trails, like parks, can be the subject of fee-in-lieu provisions. TTrraaiill CCoonnssiiddeerraattiioonnss ffoorr RReevviissiinngg tthhee EEnnttiirree ssuubb-- ddiivviissiioonn oorrddiinnaannccee- -Trails & paths can be estab- lished for all forms of development, both public and private. Municipalities that wish to address trails & paths in their subdivision ordinance, may have to add text relating to "trails & paths" to any article or subsection that covers common open space or public facilities, which need to be included in plans for new development. In most instances, such an update to the subdivision ordi- nance requires that text dealing with sidewalks, open spaces or recreation facilities be amended to read "sidewalks and trails" or "open spaces including trails," or "recreation facilities including trails." Trails need not be discussed in detail in each article, rather they can be mentioned with a reference to the subsection where they are Trails & paths can be addressed in the subdivision ordinance much addressed at length. like sidewalks. 7799 CChhaapptteerr 55:: TThhee SSuubbddiivviissiioonn aanndd LLaanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt OOrrddiinnaannccee Trail & Path Planning: A Guide for Municipalities SSuubbddiivviissiioonn aanndd LLaanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt OOrrddiinnaannccee EExxaam mppllee:: PPooccooppssoonn TToowwnnsshhiipp TThe Pocopson Township subdivision ordinance, as adopted in 1997 and revised in 2002 and 2003, includes the following trail & path regulations: ARTICLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS "Section 102: Purposes M. To coordinate public and privately owned open spaces and to provide a Note: system of walking trails through the Township and developments." This text discusses trails & paths in the same sections as sidewalks These subsections r . equire that trails link to specific pedestrian oriented destinations, and requir that new dev e elopments provide ARTICLE 6-DESIGN STANDARDS AND IMPROVEMENT land for trails that will be a par of t , or link to, the township-wide SPECIFICATIONS network as described in the zoning ordinance. "Section 604: Recreation Areas and Community Assets B. Provision shall be made for reservation and/or dedication of suitable areas for parks, playgrounds, trails or other recreation areas. Where the board determines that the size, location, natural features, or configuration of the subdivision or land development make the requirement of such areas unrea- sonable or infeasible on the particular site, the applicant shall provide off-site arrangements nearby or make a pro rata contribution for public acquisition and/or development of such sites." "Section 607: Sidewalks and Trails A. Sidewalks shall be provided in areas of high potential pedestrian use, such as the vicinity of schools, commercial centers, or high-density residential devel- opment. In addition, trails shall be provided in cluster developments to pro- vide access to and across common open space areas. The Board of Supervisors shall also require land proposed for subdivision or land develop- ment to provide trails in accordance with the comprehensive Trail and Bikeway System (as defined in Section 106 of the zoning ordinance) or pro- vide links to the system, and to identify such public use trails on the plan. B. When constructed, sidewalks shall be either concrete or bituminous mix with a minimum of four (4) feet width and four (4) inches thick except at driveway crossings when the sidewalk thickness shall be increased to six (6) inches." Sidewalks and trails & paths are all parts of one pedestrian network. 8800 CChhaapptteerr 55:: TThhee SSuubbddiivviissiioonn aanndd LLaanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt OOrrddiinnaannccee Trail & Path Planning: A Guide for Municipalities ARTICLE 10­APPENDICES Note: e- Article 10 is an appendix that pr ail sents multiple options for tr ails Sheet 11, Trail Detail (Option 1) pavement and width because tr may extend through areas with varying topography or changes in right-of-way width. This approach gives specific illustrated construc- tion guidelines rather than text only descriptions that can sometimes be vague. This regulation is flexible, and it provides homebuilders with reasonable options that they can use to suit the different types of developments they may build. Sheet 12, Trail Detail (Option 2) 8811 CChhaapptteerr 55:: TThhee SSuubbddiivviissiioonn aanndd LLaanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt OOrrddiinnaannccee Trail & Path Planning: A Guide for Municipalities ARTICLE 10­APPENDICES (CONTINUED) Sheet 13, Trail Detail (Option 3) Sheet 14, Trail Detail (Option 4) 8822 CChhaapptteerr 55:: TThhee SSuubbddiivviissiioonn aanndd LLaanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt OOrrddiinnaannccee Trail & Path Planning: A Guide for Municipalities SSuubbddiivviissiioonn OOrrddiinnaannccee//FFeeee--iinn--lliieeuu PPrroovviissiioonnss EExxaam mppllee:: NNoorrtthh CCoovveennttrryy TToowwnnsshhiipp TThe North Coventry Township subdivision ordinance, adopted in 2003, addresses fee-in-lieu for trails in the following sections: ARTICLE 1: GENERAL PROVISIONS "Section 202: Definitions of Terms Open Space, Common: A parcel or parcels of land or an area of water or a combination of land and water within a development site, designed and Note: ail intended for the use and enjoyment by residents of such development and This text clearly states that a tren possibly the general public. Common open space shall be substantially free of is a type of usable open space, ev structures, but may contain such improvements as are in the finally approved though the word "trail" is not development plan, and shall not include individually owned private yards, defined. It also distinguishes "com- streets, and off-street parking areas unless provided in conjunction with mon open space" which is a type of a recreational facility. parcel from "usable open space" which is a land area within common ed Open Space, Usable: Open space as defined under "open space, common" but open space that may include pav excluding area covered by buildings..., but including impervious surfaces asso- features such as trails. This termi- eting ciated with recreation site improvements such as bicycling and walking trails, nology is essential to interpr game courts and open sided shelters. the subsection presented on the fol- lowing page. Walkway, Public: Any place designed or maintained for public pedestrian uses, without regard to ownership." Common open space can be defined so that it includes trails & paths. 8833 CChhaapptteerr 55:: TThhee SSuubbddiivviissiioonn aanndd LLaanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt OOrrddiinnaannccee Trail & Path Planning: A Guide for Municipalities ARTICLE 6: DESIGN STANDARDS "Section 652: Community Facilities, Park Land and Open Space G. Fee-In-Lieu Dedication 2. The fee shall be equal to the fair market value per acre of the land being Note: developed (determined at the time of filing of the application for subdivi- This text, from Subsection sion approval), multiplied by the acreage of land that would have been 652. G.2., describes the amount required for dedication or reservation. of fee that will be required. Subsection 652.G. 5. Any such fees received by the Township in lieu of park and open space 5. notes that these fees can be used to obtain shall be deposited in a special account to be maintained by the Township future open space lands r and to be used for obtaining future park or open space lands. Fees ather than common open space thus deposited to this account shall be administered as required by Section indicating that trails can be 503 (11) the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, as amended." acquired with these funds. 8844 CChhaapptteerr 55:: TThhee SSuubbddiivviissiioonn aanndd LLaanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt OOrrddiinnaannccee Trail & Path Planning: A Guide for Municipalities SSuubbddiivviissiioonn OOrrddiinnaannccee//DDeessiiggnn SSttaannddaarrddss EExxaam mppllee:: LLoonnddoonn G Grroovvee TToowwnnsshhiipp TThe London Grove Township subdivision and land development ordinance was amended in 2003 to include new trail definitions and a new subsection devoted entirely to trails. A sample of these extensive new provisions are presented below: ARTICLE 3: DEFINITIONS "Section 301: Definitions of Terms Trail­A corridor through which passes, or will pass, a pedestrian or equestrian access way or bikeway as part of the London Grove Township Comprehensive Trail System or as otherwise authorized or designed by the Township. A trail is Note: to serve transportation, commuting, and/or recreational functions as part of an This text includes definitions inter-modal transportation system. Trails should exclude all motorized vehicles which demonstrate that there are except motorized wheelchairs or as authorized by the Township for mainte- different categories of trails with nance, management and emergency purposes. different functions. This terminol- eting ogy is essential to interpr Multi-Use Arterial Trail­A type of trail that is part of the London Grove the subsection presented on the Township Comprehensive Trail System and that offers low-speed transportation following page. and recreation opportunities to pedestrian, bicycle, and equestrian users. Such trail segments provide the principle connecting routes between destinations within the Township and to multi-municipal and regional trail systems beyond the Township. Bikeway­A type of trail corridor designed for bicycle traffic as part of the London Grove Township Comprehensive Trail System or as otherwise autho- rized by the Township. Bikeways may serve transportation and/or recreation functions. Except where a designated bikeway route is contained within a road cartway or road shoulder, bikeways shall exclude all motorized vehicles except motorized wheelchairs or as authorized by the Township for maintenance, man- agement, and emergency purposes. Local/Collector Trail­A type of trail that is part of the London Grove Township Comprehensive Trail System and that is designated as an on-site recreation resource as a means of connection to one or more multi-use arterial trails. Such trail may, but need not, serve multi purpose functions. Trail Cartpath­The area within a trail right-of-way that is designed and con- structed for regular use by the intended trail users and provided with an appro- priate surface for that purpose. Trail Shoulder­The areas within a trail right-of-way that are immediately adja- cent to the trail cartpath and designed in accordance with the standards of this ordinance." A bikeway can include off-road trails & paths along with on-road bike routes. 8855 CChhaapptteerr 55:: TThhee SSuubbddiivviissiioonn aanndd LLaanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt OOrrddiinnaannccee Trail & Path Planning: A Guide for Municipalities " ARTICLE 6: DESIGN STANDARDS AND REQUIRED IMPROVEMENTS "Section 616: Trails A. Existing Trails Note: This text emphasizes the need to 1. On any tract containing an existing trail, as shown on the Comprehensive maintain existing trails and link Trail System Map or as otherwise identified by the applicant or the them to a larger network. Township, the plan for development of the tract shall incorporate and protect the continuing viability of the trail. B. Creation of New Trails and Trail Links 11. Hierarchy of trail components Note: Within the Township's Comprehensive Trail System, each trail shall be This text presents tr designated as one of the following components, as defined in Article II of ails as a hier- archy based on a functional clas- this ordinance: sification. It then provides design standar a. Multi-Use Arterial ds, which are flexible in terms of the car b. Bikeway tpath width. The 12-foot trail right-of-way pr c. Local/Collector esent- ed here is not as wide as is com- mon for most multi-municipal, 12. Trail Widths multi-use trails. a. The minimum right-of-way, cartpath, and shoulder widths for all new trails in the Township shall be as follows: Right-of Type of Trail way Cartpath Shoulders Multi-Use Arterial 12' 8' (5' min. for one way) 2' (per shoulder) Bikeway 12' 8' (5' min. for one way) 2' (per shoulder) Local/Collector 12' 6' (5' min. for one way) 1-2' (per shoulder) b. Any trail within a public park shall have a minimum cartpath of eight (8) feet and minimum shoulders of two (2) feet. c. Additional right-of-way and/or cartpath widths may be required by the Board of Supervisors for the following purposes: 1. To promote public safety and convenience 2. To assure proper management of stormwater runoff 3. To accommodate special topographical circumstances which may result in cut/fill slopes extending beyond the standard trail width. These should in all circumstances be included within the trail width to assure accessibility for maintenance operations. d. Trail widths less than prescribed in this section shall not be permitted." Trail & path width will vary depending on use and existing physical conditions. 8866